# Facilitators and challenges to access fresh fruits and vegetables in a low to middle income group in Bangladesh: Consumers’ perception

## TL;DR

The study explores how low-to-middle income people in Bangladesh access fresh fruits and vegetables, finding that price, availability, and personal preferences are key factors affecting healthy eating.

## Contribution

This study provides new insights into dietary challenges faced by vulnerable populations in Bangladesh, emphasizing the role of economic and environmental factors.

## Key findings

- Price fluctuations significantly affect the quantity and quality of fresh foods purchased.
- Limited access to wholesale markets forces reliance on less reliable vendors.
- Knowledge of healthy foods helps improve dietary choices despite existing barriers.

## Abstract

To explore challenges and barriers faced by vulnerable women and men in accessing fresh foods, and how they overcome existing barriers to healthier dietary improvements in households and communities.

This study employed an explorative qualitative research design.

Using purposive sampling through a local primary healthcare facility, 16 in-depth interviews (8 male, 8 female household heads) and 2 focus group discussions (8 participants each, gender-segregated) were conducted with vulnerable slum populations in Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between September 2020 and August 2021. Participants were low-to-middle income household heads responsible for grocery shopping and menu decisions. Data were collected in the local language-Bangla, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic framework analysis.

Key findings identified price fluctuations as a major factor impacting purchase quantity and consumption. Participants knowingly purchased stale items due to necessity, while personal food preferences often dominated healthy food choices. Limited accessibility to wholesale markets forced dependence on mobile vendors and small shops regardless of product freshness. Furthermore, product availability fluctuated with natural calamities, the pandemic, and seasonal effects, alongside intentional crises created by market intermediaries. Conversely, knowledge of healthy foods helped determine optimal family menus.

Given the rising non-communicable disease burden in Bangladesh's urban areas, swift accessibility to fresh fruits and vegetables is vital for increasing healthy dietary intake among low-to-middle income populations.