# Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: from pathogenesis to clinical management

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, a common autoimmune thyroid disease, to guide better clinical and research approaches.

## Contribution

The paper provides a narrative review summarizing the current understanding of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis pathogenesis and treatment challenges.

## Key findings

- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is more prevalent in women and is linked to genetic, environmental, and immune factors.
- Diagnosis relies on autoantibody tests and thyroid ultrasound, while treatment typically involves levothyroxine.
- The paper highlights the need for improved clinical strategies and further research into HT management.

## Abstract

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis characterized by thyroid-specific autoantibodies (TPOAb, TGAb) positivity and lymphocytic infiltration, and is a major cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient regions. Epidemiological data show a significant increase in the prevalence of HT, which is about four times more common in adult women than in men. The pathogenesis of HT involves a complex interaction of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and immune regulation. Its clinical diagnosis is mainly based on serological tests (TPOAb/TGAb) and thyroid ultrasound features. The current treatment of Hashimoto’s is based on levothyroxine (T4) replacement. This article presents a narrative review of the pathogenesis, status, and challenges of treatment of HT to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing clinical practice and basic research.