# Material-Specific Surface Degradation of Pediatric Dental Restorations Following Iron Supplement Exposure: An In-Vitro Study

## TL;DR

This study found that pediatric iron supplements cause material-specific surface roughness in dental restorations, with glass ionomer cement being most affected.

## Contribution

The study provides new in vitro evidence on how different dental materials degrade when exposed to specific pediatric iron supplements.

## Key findings

- Glass ionomer cement showed the highest increase in surface roughness after iron supplement exposure.
- Resin-based materials exhibited lower but significant roughness increases compared to controls.
- Ferro Sanol® B caused greater surface degradation than Ferrum® in resin-based materials over time.

## Abstract

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the material-specific effects of pediatric iron supplement exposure on the surface roughness of commonly used restorative materials.

Methods

In this in vitro study, two pediatric iron formulations, Ferrum® and Ferro Sanol® B, were tested on four restorative materials: composite resin, compomer, flowable composite, and glass ionomer cement (GIC). A total of 180 cylindrical specimens (5 × 3 mm) were prepared and allocated into twelve subgroups (n = 15). Specimens were immersed daily for two minutes in the assigned solutions and stored in distilled water between exposures. Surface roughness (Ra, μm) was measured at baseline, day one, day seven, and day 28 using a contact profilometer. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni and Tukey post hoc tests (p < 0.05).

Results

All restorative materials showed significant time-dependent increases in surface roughness (p < 0.001). At day 28, glass ionomer cement exhibited the highest Ra values under all conditions (control: 4.03 ± 0.97 μm; Ferrum®: 5.24 ± 0.99 μm; Ferro Sanol® B: 5.95 ± 1.82 μm). Resin-based materials demonstrated lower but significant roughness increases, with composite resin, compomer, and flowable composite showing greater Ra values after iron supplement exposure compared with controls (p < 0.05). Ferro Sanol® B generally induced higher roughness than Ferrum® at later time points, particularly in resin-based materials.

Conclusion

Exposure to pediatric iron supplements results in material-specific surface degradation of restorative materials. GIC is the most susceptible, while resin-based materials exhibit greater resistance, highlighting the importance of careful material selection in pediatric patients undergoing long-term iron supplementation.