# Permanent maxillary canine eruption in children with clefts – a retrospective study

## TL;DR

This study examines how bone grafting affects the eruption of maxillary canines in children with clefts, finding that grafting may slightly delay eruption.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the impact of alveolar bone grafting on canine eruption timing in cleft patients.

## Key findings

- Bone grafting slightly delayed maxillary canine eruption compared to non-grafted sides.
- Canine eruption typically occurred about a year after surgical exposure and deliberation.
- Maxillary canine angulation significantly influenced eruption timing.

## Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of alveolar bone grafting (ABG) on the eruption timing and the need for deliberation of the permanent maxillary canine in cleft lip and/or palate patients.

The study group included 45 cleft sites from a total of 39 unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (CLA, n = 5) and unilateral (n = 22) cleft lip and palate (CLP) and bilateral (n = 12) CLP patients who had undergone treatment in the Oulu Cleft Center (OCC). A split-mouth approach and linear mixed-effects regression analysis was used to compare findings between single individual grafted and non-grafted alveolar sites.

The maxillary canine angulation had a significant role in the timing of the canine eruption (estimate 0.06, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.08). While ABG seemed to delay the canine eruption, this result was not statistically significant. The eruption of the maxillary canine tooth on the bone grafted side was delayed compared to the eruption of the maxillary canine on the non-grafted side (estimate -0.55, 95% CI -0.99 to -0.11). Another factor affecting the canine eruption was surgical exposure of the canine, and it typically emerged about a year after it had been surgically exposed and deliberated (estimate 1.05, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.70).

The permanent maxillary canine eruption was slightly delayed after the ABG. Also, the maxillary canine was found to typically emerge about a year after it has been deliberated. The early bone graft had no benefit in terms of the timing of canine eruption. The angulation of the maxillary canine should be taken into consideration when planning ABG to facilitate its eruption. Careful planning and timing of the ABG and multidisciplinary approach have an important role in cleft patients’ treatment.