Severe Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Associated With Acute Epstein–Barr Virus Infection: A Case Report

TL;DR

A young woman developed severe immune thrombocytopenic purpura linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection and recovered with corticosteroid treatment.

Contribution

This case report adds to the understanding of severe ITP triggered by EBV and demonstrates successful corticosteroid treatment in a young adult.

Findings

An 18-year-old woman with acute EBV infection developed severe thrombocytopenia and mucocutaneous bleeding.

Systemic corticosteroids led to complete hematological and clinical recovery in the patient.

The case emphasizes the importance of considering EBV as a cause of severe ITP in young patients.

Abstract

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction. Viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are recognized triggers of secondary ITP in children and young adults. Although EBV-associated ITP is often mild and self-limited, severe thrombocytopenia with clinically significant bleeding may occur.

We report the case of an 18-year-old previously healthy woman who presented with severe thrombocytopenia associated with mucocutaneous bleeding, lymphadenopathy, and serological evidence of acute EBV infection. The patient was diagnosed with EBV-induced ITP and was successfully treated with systemic corticosteroids, achieving complete hematological and clinical recovery. This case highlights the importance of considering EBV infection in young patients presenting with acute severe thrombocytopenia and bleeding manifestations, as well as the generally favorable prognosis with appropriate management.

Figures