# The Study on the Capacitive Properties of Tungsten Oxide/Graphene Composites Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Deposition

## TL;DR

This study explores the use of tungsten oxide/graphene composites as supercapacitor electrodes, showing improved performance and stability.

## Contribution

The novel use of ultrasonic spray deposition to create a WO3/graphene composite with enhanced electrochemical properties.

## Key findings

- The WO3/graphene electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 161.68 F g–1 at 5 mV s–1.
- The composite electrode retained 71% of its capacitance after 1000 cycles.
- The graphene interlayer significantly improved ionic conductivity and electrochemical performance.

## Abstract

The fabrication of tungsten oxide/graphene thin films
on fluorine-doped
tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates using ultrasonic spray deposition
technology is presented, and their potential application as supercapacitor
electrode materials is explored. Ultrasonic spray deposition provides
precise control over film thickness, low fabrication cost, scalability
for large-area coating, and compatibility with green solvents, making
it a sustainable thin-film deposition method. A template-assisted
sol–gel chemistry was employed to synthesize mesoporous tungsten
oxide films with high specific surface area, enabling enhanced charge
adsorption/desorption and improved electrochemical performance. To
further enhance the ionic conductivity, a graphene interlayer was
introduced between the WO3 film and the FTO substrate,
forming a composite electrode structure. Electrochemical characterization
using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge
(GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed superior
performance of the WO3/graphene electrode, achieving a
specific capacitance of 161.68 F g–1 at a 5 mV s–1 scan rate from CV and 235.42 F g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 from GCD, significantly higher than
those of pure mesoporous WO3 (142.18 F g–1 and 202.35 F g–1, respectively). Furthermore,
the electrode retained 71% of its capacitance after 1000 charge–discharge
cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability.