Crystal Growth Kinetics of Na 2 CO 3 Hydrate Phases in the Na 2 CO 3 –NaOH–H 2 O System for Sustainable Soda Ash Production
Somayyeh Ghaffari, Jonathan Gänsch, Peter Schulze, Heike Lorenz
TL;DR
This study explores the crystal growth of different soda ash forms to improve sustainable production methods.
Contribution
The paper provides new insights into the growth kinetics of Na2CO3 hydrates under specific conditions for sustainable soda ash production.
Findings
Na2CO3·10H2O growth peaks at a critical supersaturation and then slows down.
Na2CO3·1H2O grows faster and produces dense soda ash despite lower supersaturation.
NaOH affects the crystal habit of Na2CO3·1H2O but not Na2CO3·10H2O.
Abstract
As part of the CODA project, which is laying the foundation for a novel sustainable soda ash (Na2CO3) production strategy, this study provides essential parameters and insights for the design, optimization, and scale-up of the required crystallization processes. It investigates the crystal growth kinetics of Na2CO3·10H2O and Na2CO3·1H2O within the Na2CO3–NaOH–H2O system using cooling and vacuum evaporative crystallization, respectively. Experimental studies were conducted utilizing a shortcut method based on seeded batch experiments in a 3 L-scale. The growth rate of Na2CO3·10H2O was studied over a temperature range of 17–6 °C, while Na2CO3·1H2O was examined at a constant temperature of 50 °C under a fixed evaporation rate. Minimal secondary nucleation was confirmed through offline crystal size distribution measurements. Na2CO3·10H2O growth peaked at a critical supersaturation (∼1.03)…
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Taxonomy
TopicsChemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes · Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes · Bauxite Residue and Utilization