A New Magnetically Separable BaFe2O4 Acid Catalyst for Sustainable Biodiesel Production: L9 Taguchi Optimization and Robust Recyclability
Matheus Arrais Gonçalves, Hiarla Cristina Lima dos Santos, Vicente da Silva Lima, Heverton Jonnys Feitosa da Silva, Deborah da Cunha Fonseca, Thaissa Saraiva Ribeiro, Beatriz dos Santos Silva, Alexandre da Cas Viegas, Leyvison Rafael Vieira da Conceição
TL;DR
This paper introduces a new magnetic catalyst for making biodiesel from waste cooking oil, which is efficient, reusable, and meets industry standards.
Contribution
A novel magnetically separable BaFe2O4-based catalyst with high recyclability and performance for sustainable biodiesel production.
Findings
The catalyst achieved 96.4% conversion of waste cooking oil into methyl esters under optimized conditions.
The catalyst retained over 90% efficiency after seven cycles, showing excellent recyclability.
Produced biodiesel met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, indicating industrial viability.
Abstract
The MoO3/BaFe2O4 catalyst was synthesized via a combined coprecipitation and wet impregnation approach and subsequently applied in the methyl biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO). The material was characterized using surface acidity measurements, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and VSM techniques. The results confirmed: (i) the successful synthesis of barium ferrite (BaFe2O4), and (ii) the effective impregnation of MoO3 onto the ferrite matrix. Process optimization was conducted using the Taguchi L9 methodology, evaluating four operational parameters: temperature (120–180 °C), methanol:WCO molar ratio (20:1–40:1), catalyst concentration (2–10 wt %), and reaction time (1–5 h). The high coefficient of determination (R 2 = 0.9410) confirmed the model’s robustness and predictive capability for ester content. The optimal conditions (temperature = 172 °C, methanol:WCO molar ratio = 28:1,…
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Taxonomy
TopicsBiodiesel Production and Applications · Lubricants and Their Additives · Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies