Safety and feasibility of the treatment of calcified de novo coronary artery lesions with drug-coated balloon angioplasty after intravascular lithotripsy

TL;DR

This study shows that using a drug-coated balloon after breaking up calcium in arteries is a safe and feasible treatment for patients with severe artery blockages.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel approach combining intravascular lithotripsy and drug-coated balloons for treating calcified coronary lesions.

Findings

No acute vessel closures or perioperative myocardial infarctions occurred in the treated patients.

The 12-month MACE rate was 15%, primarily due to cardiovascular death and one type-2 MI.

Only 3% of patients experienced ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization within 12 months.

Abstract

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of calcified lesions using stenting may lead to stent malapposition and stent underexpansion. The combination of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) followed by drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment may help overcome this limitation. The aim of this single-center, retrospective, registry-based observational study was to assess the efficacy and safety of plaque modification using IVL followed by DCB-only treatment in patients with severely calcified lesions.

Severely calcified de novo coronary artery lesions were prepared using IVL followed by the application of paclitaxel-coated DCB in 34 consecutive patients; five patients requiring bail out stenting were excluded from the analysis. The cohort included patients both with stable coronary artery disease (53%) and acute coronary syndromes (47%). The mean age of the patients was 75 years and 56% had diabetes. The majority of patients (76%) were at high bleeding risk based on the Academic Research Consortium criteria. The primary endpoint was MACE [major adverse cardiac events, defined as a composite of target lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular (CV) mortality] at 12 months. The secondary endpoints included individual components of MACE at 6 and 12 months and ARC bleeding (BARC) events.

There were no acute vessel closures or perioperative myocardial infarctions. During 12-month follow-up, the primary end point occurred in 15% (n = 5) of the patients, primarily driven by CV death (9%, n = 3) and one type-2 MI (3%). There was only one ischemia driven TLR within 12 months (3%). The rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2–5 and BARC 3–5 bleeding events was 24% and 6% at twelve months, respectively.

PCI using IVL in combination with an application of paclitaxel-DCB strategy was feasible in the treatment of severely calcified coronary artery lesions in this cohort. This novel approach may be particularly advantageous for patents at high risk of bleeding, although further studies are needed to confirm this potential benefit.

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