# Availability of Higher-Level Neonatal Care in Rural and Urban US Hospitals, 2010-2022

**Authors:** Katy B. Kozhimannil, Emily C. Sheffield, Clara E. Busse, Julia D. Interrante, Corrie E. McDaniel, Sara C. Handley

PMC · DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.59680 · 2026-02-12

## TL;DR

The study tracks how access to advanced neonatal care changed from 2010 to 2022 in rural and urban US hospitals.

## Contribution

It provides updated evidence on the availability of higher-level neonatal care in rural versus urban hospitals over a 12-year period.

## Key findings

- Availability of higher-level neonatal care was consistently lower in rural hospitals compared to urban hospitals.
- There was little change in the proportion of rural hospitals offering higher-level neonatal care from 2010 to 2022.
- Urban hospitals showed a slight increase in offering higher-level neonatal care during the study period.

## Abstract

This cohort study examines changes in the availability of higher-level neonatal care between 2010 and 2022 at rural and urban hospitals with childbirth services in the US.

## Full-text entities

- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Figures

1 figure with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12902888/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12902888