Beyond vascular recanalization: precision medicine in cervical artery dissection guided by multiple mechanisms and multimodal imaging for brain functional recovery

TL;DR

This review explores how understanding multiple mechanisms and using advanced imaging can help improve recovery from cervical artery dissection through personalized treatment.

Contribution

The paper introduces a multidimensional approach to precision medicine in cervical artery dissection guided by multimodal imaging and biological mechanisms.

Findings

CAD prognosis is influenced by vascular recanalization outcomes and pathological heterogeneity.

Advanced imaging and clinico-anatomical classification systems are key for understanding CAD mechanisms.

Translational animal models and biological insights can guide personalized therapeutic strategies.

Abstract

Cervical artery dissection (CAD), a critical etiological contributor of stroke in young adults, exerts direct influence on neurological prognosis through its vascular recanalization outcomes. However, pathological heterogeneity and ongoing controversies surrounding treatment strategies hinder the optimization of clinical decision-making; its prognosis is often not favorable. At present, there are a relative paucity of studies on recanalization of CAD. This review provides a concise overview of the pathological mechanisms and clinical challenges associated with CAD, along with recent advancements in advanced imaging modalities and clinico-anatomical classification systems. Furthermore, we critically evaluate current therapeutic paradigms and factors influencing recanalization while elucidating potential biological mechanisms underlying vascular restoration. A systematic analysis of translational utility in animal models is presented. Finally, based on the latest research progress in CAD and vessel recanalization, prospects are outlined aiming to establish a theoretical foundation for developing personalized and precise therapeutic approaches targeting CAD recanalization from multidimensional perspectives, and to offer reference for subsequent research.

Figures