# Solidification/stabilization of metallurgical tailings from the zinc process: environmental, microstructural, and mechanical aspects

## TL;DR

This paper explores using quicklime, cement, and their mix to stabilize zinc process tailings, reducing heavy metal and sulfate leaching while improving mechanical strength.

## Contribution

The study introduces a combined stabilization approach using quicklime and cement for enhanced environmental and mechanical performance of zinc tailings.

## Key findings

- Portland cement reduced heavy metal leaching but not sulfates.
- Quicklime reduced sulfate and some heavy metal leaching with better mechanical response.
- The combination of quicklime and cement provided the best overall stabilization.

## Abstract

The management of metallurgical tailings from the zinc process (MTZP) involves a series of hazards due to the presence of heavy metals and sulfates in its composition. An alternative to overcome these difficulties is the use of the solidification/stabilization technique associated with the disposal in dry stacks. For this purpose, it was evaluated the environmental, microstructural, and mechanical properties of compacted metallurgical tailings from the zinc process stabilized with quicklime, Portland cement, and a mixture of both to reduce the potential contamination and increase the mechanical properties, under 7 and 28 days of curing. Analyses such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were conducted. Complementarily, mechanical response (unconfined strength and initial shear modulus) and batch leaching tests were executed to provide a complete understanding of treated material behavior. Stabilization with Portland cement reduced the leaching of heavy metals and was not effective in stabilizing the sulfates. The quicklime, due to the common ion effect, provided a reduction in the leaching of sulfates and some heavy metals and a better mechanical response compared to Portland cement. The use of both stabilizers produced the best combination of encapsulation of heavy metals, reduction in the leaching of sulfates, and enhancement of the mechanical properties.