# Chemical Characterization and Antihyperlipidemic Potential of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. Fruit Pulp Oil in Wistar Rats

## TL;DR

This study shows that Canarium schweinfurthii fruit pulp oil has good quality and can help reduce high cholesterol and fat levels in rats.

## Contribution

The study evaluates the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential of Canarium schweinfurthii pulp oil in a rodent model.

## Key findings

- The oil significantly reduced triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL in rats.
- It increased HDL levels and antioxidant enzyme activity in both male and female rats.
- The oil has high unsaturated fatty acid content and strong antioxidant properties.

## Abstract

The consumption of oleaginous fruits, with proven composition of unsaturated fatty acids and biological properties, can prevent dyslipidemia. To assess the antihyperlipidemic potential of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. pulp oil. Canarium schweinfurthii pulp oil was obtained by hexane maceration, and characterized by the determination of fatty acid profile, chemical quality and in vitro antioxidant activity. The antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic capacities of the oil on 36 rats were evaluated. A hypercaloric diet over 42 days facilitated the induction of dyslipidemia. Simultaneously, 1 and 2 mL/kg body weight of oil were administered by gavage. After sacrifice, serum was collected, then lipid profile and antioxidant parameters were assessed. The oil from the pulp of Canarium schweinfurthii contains mainly palmitic (39.68%), oleic (28.13%) and linoleic acids (28.19%). Iodine, peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, anisidine and total oxidation values were, 54.06 ± 0.70 g I2/100 g, 4.02 ± 0.21 meq O2/kg, 0.44 ± 0.02 meq MDA/kg, 1.33 ± 0.00 and 9.37 ± 0.43 respectively. The value of EC50 was 11.81 μg/mL. Compared with the diseased group, 2 mL/kg dose of oil significantly reduced (p < 0.05) TAG (93.83 ± 1.69; 75.44 ± 4.57), total cholesterol (72.89 ± 3.59; 62.69 ± 6.24), LDL (15.52 ± 5.72; 20.27 ± 4.92), VLDL (18.76 ± 0.91; 15.08 ± 1.08), total lipids (268.24 ± 7.70; 226.13 ± 18.95) in males and females, respectively (mg/dL). This dose also reduced the atherosclerosis index (1.88 ± 0.17; 2.29 ± 0.27). A significant increase (p < 0.05) of HDL levels (38.61 ± 1.63 mg/dL; 27.33 ± 3.28 mg/dL), enzymatic activity of SOD (85.00% ± 17.32%; 91.66% ± 2.88%) and catalase (10.67 ± 0.36 μM/min/mL; 10.85 ± 0.47 μM/min/mL) were observed for both sexes. Canarium schweinfurthii oil is of good quality with high antiradical activity, which improves antioxidant defense and antihyperlipidemic activity in rats.

The consumption of fruits like oleaginous fruits with their composition of unsaturated fatty acids whose biological properties have been proven, can prevent dyslipidaemia was to assess the antihyperlipidaemic potential of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. pulp oil. Canarium schweinfurthii pulp oil was characterized, the antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic capacities of the oil were evaluated on 36 rats. Canarium schweinfurthii oil is of good quality with high antiradical activity, which improves antioxidant defence and antihyperlipidaemic activity in rats.