Expression of Concern: Digital financial inclusion, population structure, and consumption upgrades: Evidence from China

PMC · DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0342733·February 12, 2026

Expression of Concern: Digital financial inclusion, population structure, and consumption upgrades: Evidence from China

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Abstract

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TopicsFinancial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis · Microfinance and Financial Inclusion · COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts

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After this article [1] was published, the following concern was noted:

We regret that the issues were not identified prior to the article’s publication.

In light of this concern, the PLOS One Editors issue this Expression of Concern. Readers are advised to interpret the article [1] with caution.

Bibliography1

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1Liu Q, Zheng J, Luo S. Digital financial inclusion, population structure, and consumption upgrades: Evidence from China. P Lo S One. 2025;20(1):e 0316823. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316823 39841708 PMC 11753705 · doi ↗ · pubmed ↗