# X-Shaped Dual-Band Slot Antenna with Simultaneous Pattern Diversity and Frequency Tuning

## TL;DR

A new X-shaped antenna design enables beam-switching and dual-band operation for 5G applications.

## Contribution

An X-shaped slot antenna with integrated diodes for beam-switching and frequency tuning in 5G sub-6 GHz bands.

## Key findings

- The antenna achieves four directional beam-switching via PIN diodes.
- Dual-band operation covers 5G sub-6 GHz bands with 29.51% and 24.52% bandwidths.
- Experimental validation confirms stable performance across operating frequencies.

## Abstract

This paper proposes a frequency-reconfigurable and active beam-switching antenna based on an X-shaped slot array integrated with a diode-based switching network. The proposed antenna features four slots arranged at 90° intervals around the feed point. Each slot is integrated with two PIN diodes and one varactor diode. By selectively activating a specific slot through the PIN diodes, the radiation pattern can be switched in four directions at 90° intervals. Dual-band operation is achieved using varactor diodes, and by controlling their equivalent capacitance, the antenna covers two operating bands: a low-frequency band with a 29.51% bandwidth (2.6–3.5 GHz) and a high-frequency band with a 24.52% bandwidth (3.65–4.67 GHz). These frequency ranges include the 5G sub-6 GHz bands, specifically n77 and n78. Experimental results confirm stable beam-switching performance across the entire operating frequency range.