# High-Resolution OFDR with All Grating Fiber Combining Phase Demodulation and Cross-Correlation Methods

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new high-resolution strain sensing method using OFDR that combines phase demodulation and cross-correlation to achieve precise spatial resolution.

## Contribution

A novel OFDR strain sensing method combining phase demodulation and adaptive cross-correlation for high spatial resolution and stable measurements.

## Key findings

- The method achieves a spatial resolution of 0.27 mm for strain boundaries.
- Root-mean-square error is as low as 0.94% within a strain range of 100–700 με.
- Processing time is approximately 0.035 s for a demodulation length of 1.6 m.

## Abstract

Spatial resolution is a critical parameter for optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). Phase-sensitive OFDR (Φ-OFDR) measures strain by detecting phase variations between adjacent sampling points, having the potential to achieve the theoretical limitation of spatial resolution. However, the results of Φ-OFDR suffer from large fluctuations due to multiple types of noise, including coherent fading and system noise. This work presents an OFDR-based strain sensing method that combines phase demodulation with cross-correlation analysis to achieve high spatial resolution. In the phase demodulation, the frequency-shift averaging (FSAV) and rotating vector summation (RVS) algorithms are first employed to suppress coherent fading noise and achieve accurate strain localization. Then the cross-correlation approach with an adaptive window is proposed. Guided by the accurate strain boundary obtained from phase demodulation, the length and position of the cross-correlation window are automatically adjusted to fit for continuous and uniform strain regions. As a result, an accurate and complete strain distribution along the entire fiber is finally obtained. The experimental results show that, within a strain range of 100–700 με, the method achieves a spatial resolution of 0.27 mm for the strain boundary, with a root-mean-square error approaching 0.94%. The processing time reaches approximately 0.035 s, with a demodulation length of 1.6 m. The proposed approach offers precise spatial localization of the strain boundary and stable strain measurement, demonstrating its potential for high-resolution OFDR-based sensing applications.