# A Cross-Layer Framework Integrating RF and OWC with Dynamic Modulation Scheme Selection for 6G Networks

**Authors:** Ahmed Waheed, Borja Genoves Guzman, Somayeh Mohammady, Maite Brandt-Pearce

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/s26030926 · Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026-02-01

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a new framework for 6G networks that combines RF and OWC technologies with dynamic modulation selection to improve network efficiency.

## Contribution

A novel cross-layer framework integrating RF and OWC with dynamic modulation scheme selection for 6G networks is introduced.

## Key findings

- The framework enables dynamic technology and modulation scheme selection for optimized network performance.
- A hybrid cell with SDR-O supports real-time decisions based on environmental and application factors.
- The integration of application, network, and physical layers enhances adaptability to 6G requirements.

## Abstract

With the rapid evolution of wireless networks, the need to explore novel technologies to meet the demands of future systems, particularly 6G, has become a significant challenge. One promising solution is integrating radio frequency (RF) and optical wireless communication (OWC) technologies to leverage their unique strengths. This paper introduces a novel model for integrating RF and OWC technologies within the framework of emerging 6G. The main objective of this approach is the dynamic technology selection (TS) and modulation scheme selection (MSS), which play a pivotal role in optimizing network efficiency and adapting to diverse 6G requirements. The proposed cross-layer architecture integrates the application layer, network layer based on a software-defined network (SDN), and physical layer consisting of a hybrid cell and software-defined radio with optical functionality (SDR-O). This approach facilitates real-time decision-making based on environmental factors and application requirements.

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

19 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12899898/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12899898