# Paralysis Activity of “Basic Substances” and Rose Extracts on Meloidogyne incognita Second-Stage Juveniles

## TL;DR

This study shows that 'Basic Substances' and rose extracts can paralyze root-knot nematode juveniles, offering a safe and sustainable nematicidal alternative.

## Contribution

The study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal potential of 'Basic Substances' and rose by-products against Meloidogyne incognita.

## Key findings

- 'Basic Substances' like beer, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride caused significant paralysis in nematode juveniles.
- Rose extracts showed nematicidal activity and are safe due to their status as foodstuffs.
- The results suggest these substances can be developed as sustainable nematicides under circular economy principles.

## Abstract

To date, searching for bionematicidals is essential. In the absence of nematicides, “Basic Substances” are gaining ground since they are cost-effective, do not mandate an expiration date and have no inherent capacity to cause endocrine-disrupting neurotoxic or immunotoxic effects. Most “Basic Substances” are authorized for the control of phytoparasitic fungi and insects, whereas nematicidals are yet to be available. In this study, we employed “Basic Substances” and in particular, beer, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride, together with rose aromatotherapy by-products, on nematicidal bioassays against Meloidogyne incognita. We report that chemical composition analysis of the nematicidal rose extracts correlates with bioactivity. Paralysis-based bioassays were used as primary criteria to assess efficacy, specifically targeting second-stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. The evaluated treatments were assessed after one day, two days, and three days of J2 immersion in test solutions. According to our results, the “Basic Substances” demonstrated a significant paralysis effect on J2, thus indicating, for the first time, the considerable significance of their authorization to the root knot nematodes. Similarly, the rose extracts were found to be nematicidal, and since they are foodstuffs, and thus nonconcern compounds, “Basic Substances” can be developed as aromatherapy by-products in the frame of a circular economy.