# Toward Wide-Field, Extended-Range 3D Vision: A Biomimetic Curved Compound-Eye Imaging System

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a biomimetic curved compound-eye imaging system that achieves wide-field, extended-range 3D vision with high accuracy and compact design.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is a biomimetic imaging system with a curved multi-aperture design enabling ultra-wide field of view and accurate depth sensing.

## Key findings

- The system achieves an angular resolution of 2.5 mrad within a 97.4° field of view.
- Depth reconstruction errors remain below 2% across the entire field of view up to 2 meters.
- The design is compact and suitable for use in unmanned aerial vehicles for surveillance and obstacle avoidance.

## Abstract

This work presents a biomimetic curved compound-eye imaging system (BCCEIS) engineered for extended-range depth mapping. The system is designed to emulate an apposition-type compound eye and comprises three key components: a hemispherical array of lenslets forming a curved multi-aperture imaging surface, an optical relay subsystem that transforms the curved focal plane into a flat image plane compatible with a commercial CMOS sensor, and a high-resolution CMOS detector. Comprehensive optical analysis confirms effective aberration correction, with the root-mean-square (RMS) spot radii across the field of view (FOV) remaining smaller than the radius of the Airy disk. The fabricated prototype achieves an angular resolution of 2.5 mrad within an ultra-wide 97.4° FOV. Furthermore, the system demonstrates accurate depth reconstruction within the entire FOV at distances up to approximately 2 m, exhibiting errors below 2%. Owing to its compact form, wide FOV, and robust depth-sensing performance, the BCCEIS shows strong potential as a payload for unmanned aerial vehicles in applications such as security surveillance and obstacle avoidance.