# VviAMT4;1 Is a High-Affinity Ammonium Transporter in Table Grape

## TL;DR

This study identifies a high-affinity ammonium transporter in table grape roots, which helps in understanding nitrogen uptake in fruit trees.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the identification and characterization of VviAMT4;1 as a high-affinity ammonium transporter in table grape.

## Key findings

- VviAMT4;1 is highly expressed in grape roots and is upregulated under ammonium depletion.
- VviAMT4;1 has a Kₘ of 49.58 μmol·L−1 and Vₘₐₓ of 3.29 μmoles·min−1·μg−1 cells, indicating high-affinity ammonium transport.
- The transporter also mediates weak methyl amine uptake and is inhibited by endogenous ammonium.

## Abstract

Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are a class of membrane-associated proteins that play crucial roles in the uptake and transport of ammonium (NH4+ or NH3). In this study, an ammonium transporter-encoding gene VviAMT4;1 was isolated and identified from table grape ‘Yanpu No.2’. Notably, the expression level of VviAMT4;1 varied significantly across different organs or tissues of ‘Yanpu No.2’, and the highest expression level was detected in the roots of both tissue-cultured seedlings and 5-year-old mature trees. Expression of VviAMT4;1 was significantly up-regulated under NH4+ depletion throughout the whole of tissue-cultured seedlings. Yeast mutant functional complementation indicates that the recombinant strain pYES2-VviAMT4;1/31019b restored growth under different pH conditions. 15N isotope-labeled uptake kinetics analysis demonstrated that VviAMT4;1 is a typical high-affinity ammonium transporter, with a Kₘ value of 49.58 ± 4.66 μmol·L−1 and a Vₘₐₓ value of 3.29 μmoles·min−1·μg−1 cells. Moreover, VviAMT4;1 can mediate the weak uptake and utilization of methyl amine (MeA+) in yeast cells. The VviAMT4;1-mediated NH4+ uptake process may suffer from feedback inhibition by endogenous NH4+ enrichment. This study provides insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms of N transport and utilization in fruit trees.