# Empowering IoV Security: A Novel Secure Cryptographic Algorithm (OpCKEE) for Network Protection in Connected Vehicles

## TL;DR

OpCKEE is a new secure protocol for connected vehicles that combines two cryptographic methods to offer strong security with low computational cost.

## Contribution

OpCKEE is the first protocol to combine key-encapsulated and key-insulated mechanisms for secure and efficient vehicle communication.

## Key findings

- OpCKEE provides comprehensive security features for Internet of Vehicles (IoV) systems.
- AVISPA analysis confirms OpCKEE's resistance to major attacks with lower computation and communication costs.
- The protocol ensures authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation while resisting various attacks.

## Abstract

The OpCKEE protocol is the first to combine key-encapsulated and key-insulated cryptographic mechanisms to strengthen Internet of Vehicles (IoV) security, making it a highly secure yet computationally efficient protocol for real-time vehicle and roadside communication.

What are the main findings?
Novel Hybrid Protocol: OpCKEE, a novel design combining key encapsulation and key-insulated protocols, offers IoV systems comprehensive security features.Performance Proof: Official AVISPA analysis confirms that this protocol is resistant to major attacks with lower computation and communication costs than already found in the literature.

Novel Hybrid Protocol: OpCKEE, a novel design combining key encapsulation and key-insulated protocols, offers IoV systems comprehensive security features.

Performance Proof: Official AVISPA analysis confirms that this protocol is resistant to major attacks with lower computation and communication costs than already found in the literature.

What are the implications of the main findings?
Improved Reliability of IoV Protocol: The system provides a reliable and scalable way to protect sensitive information in smart transportation today that allows for their authenticity and forward secrecy.Cross-Industry Applicability: Besides automotive systems, the OpCKEE framework is applicable to securing other critical infrastructures, such as electronic banking, telecommunications, and healthcare systems.

Improved Reliability of IoV Protocol: The system provides a reliable and scalable way to protect sensitive information in smart transportation today that allows for their authenticity and forward secrecy.

Cross-Industry Applicability: Besides automotive systems, the OpCKEE framework is applicable to securing other critical infrastructures, such as electronic banking, telecommunications, and healthcare systems.

According to Fortune Business Insights, the market share of the Internet of Vehicless is expected to grow from USD 95.62 billion in 2021 to USD 369.61 billion in 2028, at a compound annual growth rate of 21.4%. However, the Internet of Vehicles system still faces several challenges, including regulation, scalability, data management, connectivity, interoperability, privacy, and security. To improve communication security within the Internet of Vehicle system, we have implemented a secure cryptographic algorithm called Optimized Certificateless Key-Encapsulated Encryption, resulting from a fusion of the key-insulated cryptosystem and the cryptographic key-encapsulated mechanism. The formal security analysis of our algorithm using the AVISPA version 1.1 software shows us that our protocol is safe. Informal analysis shows that our algorithm ensures authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation and resists several other attacks. Our algorithm’s computational and communicational costs are slightly better than those at which it inherits the functionalities.