# Using Recycled Construction Waste Amended with Pine Bark as a Substrate for Urban Plantings

## TL;DR

This paper explores using recycled construction waste mixed with pine bark as a sustainable substrate for urban plantings, finding it can support plant growth despite challenges.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel approach to reusing construction waste in urban horticulture by combining it with pine bark.

## Key findings

- Substrates with higher pine bark volumes improved air-filled porosity but reduced water retention.
- Plant biomass was similar across all mineral components, despite differences in substrate composition.
- Construction waste amended with pine bark can support urban plant growth, aligning with sustainability goals.

## Abstract

In urban plantings, mined sand and scoria are commonly used as low-nutrient substrates to improve plant establishment and growth. However, reliance on mined materials conflicts with sustainability policies promoting resource circularity and waste reuse. Construction wastes are readily available, and while their high alkalinity and density may limit plant growth, incorporating organic matter, like pine bark, can ameliorate these issues. We investigated whether construction waste amended with pine bark can support plant growth. We evaluated physical and chemical properties of 12 substrates combining four mineral components—scoria (mined), sand (recycled), crushed concrete (recycled), and crushed rock (recycled)—with pine bark (10%, 20%, and 50% v/v). We then tested eight of these substrates in a container experiment, evaluating the growth of two woody shrubs: Alyogyne huegelii and Goodenia ovata. All mineral components were alkaline (pH 9.2–12.3), with crushed concrete remaining hyper-alkaline despite pine bark addition. Greater pine bark volumes improved air-filled porosity but reduced water retention. Substrates with 50% v/v pine bark had lower plant biomass compared to those with 10% v/v. However, plant biomass was similar across all mineral components. This demonstrates that construction waste–pine bark substrates can support plant growth in urban plantings, supporting broader sustainability goals in cities.