# Physiological Changes and Transposition of Insertion Sequences in the dps-Double-Knockout Mutant of Deinococcus geothermalis

## TL;DR

This study explores how removing DNA-protecting proteins in a bacteria affects its survival under stress and causes genetic changes.

## Contribution

The study reveals a novel IS transposition event in a dps-double-knockout mutant of Deinococcus geothermalis under oxidative stress.

## Key findings

- Oxidative stress triggered transposition of IS701, IS5, and IS66 in the dps-DK mutant.
- Catalase was highly upregulated in the dps-DK mutant during stationary phase.
- The dgeo_1459–1460 gene cluster was upregulated under both oxidative and non-oxidative conditions.

## Abstract

DNA-protecting proteins (Dps) are crucial for safeguarding chromosomal DNA in starved cells during the stationary phase under stressful conditions. In previous research, the two Dps proteins in Deinococcus geothermalis, Dgeo_0257 (Dps3) and Dgeo_0281 (Dps1), were found to complement each other in protecting DNA from oxidative damage. This study investigates the physiological changes and transposition of insertion sequences (ISs) in a double-knockout (DK) mutant lacking both dps genes. Comparisons between the wild-type and mutant strains revealed significant phenotypic differences in viability under oxidative stress conditions induced by hydrogen peroxide and ferrous ions, particularly during the stationary phase. Notably, oxidative stress triggered the transposition of the IS families IS701 and IS5, with IS66 being transposed exclusively in the DK mutant into a gene encoding phytoene desaturase. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq revealed substantial fold changes in gene expression across the genome. For example, the dgeo_1459–1460 gene cluster, which encodes a DUF421 domain-containing protein and a hypothetical protein, was highly upregulated under both oxidative and non-oxidative conditions. Interestingly, catalase, encoded by a single gene in D. geothermalis, was upregulated in the DK mutant during the stationary phase, with expression levels exceeding those observed in the single dps gene-deficient mutants. Conversely, a prominent downregulation of the Fur family regulator was detected. These findings highlight the growth phase-dependent physiological adaptation of the dps-DK mutant and reveal a novel IS transposition event of the ISBst12 group involving the IS66 family. Therefore, this study provides new observations into the influence of DNA-protective protein deficiency on oxidative stress responses and IS transposition in D. geothermalis, as well as the regulatory mechanisms of the catalase induction pathway, raising the need for further investigation into the role of OxyR.