# Influence of Rolling Direction on Barkhausen Noise in Low-Alloyed Steel MC500

## TL;DR

This study shows how rolling direction and stress affect Barkhausen noise in steel during and after tensile testing.

## Contribution

The paper reveals how in situ stress and plastic strain influence Barkhausen noise more than rolling direction.

## Key findings

- Barkhausen noise during tensile tests is higher in the tensile direction (1100 mV) than transverse (500 mV).
- Ex situ measurements show reversed noise levels for plastic strains above 15%.
- Dislocation density increases from 3 × 10¹⁵ to 5 × 10¹⁵ m⁻² after matrix yielding.

## Abstract

This study examines the impact of rolling direction on Barkhausen noise emission from the low-alloyed steel MC 500 during a uniaxial tensile test. The samples of gauged shape were cut along both the rolling and transverse directions to investigate the process of magnetic anisotropy alterations, as expressed in terms of Barkhausen noise and the extracted features. Barkhausen noise was studied as a function of both elastic and plastic straining (up to plastic strain 21.5%), and the role of domain wall realignment with respect to the rolling direction, as well as the direction of the tensile load, was analysed. Barkhausen noise emission is linked to both the stress state and the microstructure, and the role of external stressing is contrasted with the residual stress state. Barkhausen noise is measured directly during a tensile test (in situ) as well as after unloading (ex situ). It was found that Barkhausen noise is significantly affected by stress directly during the tensile test (in situ), whereas the contribution of residual stresses is less pronounced. Barkhausen noise measured in situ during the tensile test in the direction of the tensile load is higher (about 1100 mV) compared to the transverse direction (about 500 mV). However, this relationship is reversed for the ex situ measurements, especially for the more developed plastic strains above 15%. The influence of rolling direction on Barkhausen noise is relatively minor, and Barkhausen noise after matrix yielding is primarily affected by increasing dislocation density growing from 3 × 1015 up to 5 × 1015 m−2.