# Morphology and Surface Reconstruction-Driven Catalytic Enhancement in CoMn2O4 for Efficient OER Application

## TL;DR

This paper shows that controlling temperature during synthesis improves the performance of a catalyst for water splitting in alkaline conditions.

## Contribution

A temperature-controlled hydrothermal method is introduced to optimize CoMn2O4 for efficient OER.

## Key findings

- CMO-120 shows the lowest overpotential of 292 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH.
- CMO-120 outperforms other samples at high current densities, with 434 mV at 300 mA cm−2.
- The catalyst's durability is confirmed with stable performance for 100 hours.

## Abstract

The development of efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts from earth-abundant materials is essential for advancing alkaline water electrolysis. Herein, nanograss-like CoMn2O4 electrode films are directly grown on stainless-steel substrates via a temperature-controlled hydrothermal approach, and their OER performance is systematically investigated. The CoMn2O4 obtained at 120 °C (CMO-120) delivers the best catalytic activity in 1.0 M KOH, requiring an overpotential of 292 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is lower than those synthesized at 150 (CMO-150) and 90 °C (CMO-90). Notably, activity of CMO-120 becomes even more pronounced at elevated current densities, achieving the low overpotential of 434 mV even at 300 mA cm−2, substantially outperforming both CMO-90 and CMO-150 electrodes. The enhanced activity is attributed to an interconnected nanograss architecture with mixed Co2+/Co3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+ redox couples and abundant defect-related oxygen species, which result in increased electrochemically active surface area and improved charge transportation throughout the nanograss architecture that facilitate OH− adsorption and OER intermediate transformation. Furthermore, CMO-120 demonstrates excellent durability (100 h) after electro-oxidation-induced surface activation. These findings highlight precise temperature regulation as an effective strategy for optimizing Mn-Co spinel for efficient alkaline OER applications.