# Targeting Amyloid Beta Aggregation and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Advances and Future Directions

## TL;DR

This review explores how natural compounds and nanotechnology can target amyloid beta aggregation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

## Contribution

The paper highlights novel nanomedicine approaches to improve the delivery and efficacy of natural compounds in treating Alzheimer's.

## Key findings

- Natural products like curcumin and CBD show promise in modulating Aβ aggregation and neuroinflammation.
- Nanotechnology-based systems enhance brain targeting and bioavailability of these compounds.
- Current challenges include poor solubility and limited blood–brain barrier permeability of natural compounds.

## Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Among the diverse pathological features of AD, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation and neuroinflammation are recognized as central and interlinked mechanisms driving disease progression. This review focuses specifically on these two processes and highlights current pharmacological limitations in modifying disease pathology. Natural products such as curcumin, resveratrol, Ginkgo biloba, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), crocin, ashwagandha, and cannabidiol (CBD) have shown promising activity in modulating Aβ aggregation and neuroinflammatory pathways, offering multi-target neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. However, their therapeutic application remains hindered by poor solubility, instability, rapid metabolism, and limited blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. To overcome these barriers, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems—including polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and chitosan-based carriers—have emerged as effective strategies to enhance brain targeting, bioavailability, and pharmacological efficacy. We summarize the mechanistic insights and nanomedicine approaches related to these bioactives and discuss their potential in developing future disease-modifying therapies. By focusing on Aβ aggregation and neuroinflammation, this review provides a targeted perspective on the evolving role of natural compounds and nanocarriers in AD treatment.