# Study of Behaviors Related to Over-the-Counter Medications, in Particular Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, in the General Polish Population

## TL;DR

This study explores how people in Poland use over-the-counter painkillers like ibuprofen, finding that behaviors vary by gender, age, and education.

## Contribution

The study identifies demographic influences on OTC NSAID use and risk perception in Poland, highlighting gaps for public health strategies.

## Key findings

- Women are more likely to read drug leaflets and use OTC NSAIDs more frequently than men.
- Older individuals show greater adherence to responsible NSAID use practices.
- Students are more aware of NSAID risks compared to non-students.

## Abstract

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used analgesics. However, their inappropriate or excessive use may lead to serious adverse effects. The aim of the study was to analyze behavioral patterns and attitudes toward the use of over-the-counter (OTC) NSAIDs, as well as the perception of risks associated with their use. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 567 respondents. An anonymous questionnaire consisting of 26 items was used, addressing sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of reading drug information leaflets, frequency of NSAID use, and awareness of potential adverse effects associated with these medications. Results: The demographic factors significantly influenced NSAID-related behaviors. Women were significantly more likely than men to read drug information leaflets and reported more frequent use of OTC NSAIDs. Older respondents exhibited greater adherence to the principles of responsible NSAID use. Higher educational attainment was associated with more frequent and attentive reading of drug information leaflets. Urban residents reported higher median frequencies of NSAID use, whereas students demonstrated greater awareness of potential NSAID adverse effects compared with non-students. Conclusions: The results reveal complex patterns of NSAID consumption and underscore the need for implementing targeted public health interventions.