# Enzymatic Production of Collagen Oligopeptides from Porcine Skin and Their Structure–Activity Relationships in Anti-Aging and Skin-Whitening Effect

## TL;DR

This study explores how collagen peptides from pig skin can help reduce skin aging and darkening by optimizing their production and analyzing their structure and effects.

## Contribution

The study introduces optimized enzymatic conditions for producing collagen oligopeptides with specific structural features linked to anti-aging and skin-whitening effects.

## Key findings

- Optimized hydrolysis produced peptides with 85.77% <1000 Da and 9.68% hydroxyproline.
- PCOPs reduced fibroblast senescence by 39.66% and inhibited melanin synthesis in B16 cells.
- Peptides were mainly from type I collagen, enriched in Pro-Gly motifs and β-sheet structures.

## Abstract

Collagen-derived peptides are widely studied for their potential roles in skin health and anti-aging. This study applied response surface methodology to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis of porcine skin-derived collagen oligopeptides (PCOPs) and investigate the associations between peptide characteristics and their cellular effects. The optimized hydrolysis conditions were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:2, 52.3 °C, 0.9% enzyme dosage, and pH 7.0. The resulting PCOPs contained 85.77% peptides with molecular weight < 1000 daltons (Da) and 9.68% hydroxyproline. In vitro, 5 mg/mL PCOPs reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced fibroblast senescence by 39.66% and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in melanoma cells (B16). Peptidomic profiling identified 52 peptides mainly derived from type I collagen, enriched in Pro-Gly motifs. Circular dichroism analysis indicated that PCOPs primarily consisted of β-sheets (35.3%) and random coils (38.9%). These results suggest that low molecular weight, high hydroxyproline content, Pro-Gly-enriched peptides, and the predominance of β-sheet/random coil structures are associated with the observed cellular effects on fibroblast function and melanogenesis.