# Stable isotope evidence of anthropocene disruption in African softshell turtle foraging

## TL;DR

This study uses isotope analysis and a new biomarker method to show how human activity has changed the diet of African softshell turtles over time.

## Contribution

First application of ZooMS to African softshell turtles for species identification and new insights into their dietary plasticity.

## Key findings

- Modern turtles show diet influenced by human-provided carrion and agriculture.
- Ancient turtles had more diverse diets, including marine foraging.
- Findings suggest increased human impact on turtle foraging behaviors.

## Abstract

We examined the dietary habits of contemporary and Middle to Late Holocene (ancient) populations of African softshell turtles (Trionyx triunguis) from the northern Levant using stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) and ZooMS biomarker identification. Our study presents the first application of ZooMS to this taxon, facilitating species-level identification. Stable isotope values point to potential variation in T. triunguis diets, possibly reflecting changing ecosystem conditions. Modern turtles from the south-western Turkish coast exhibit relatively high δ15N values, but low δ13C values, likely influenced by human-provided carrion and agriculture-driven inputs. Ancient turtles (n = 4) from the Levant exhibit more diverse diets, with two individuals indicating a more pronounced marine foraging signature. These preliminary findings are consistent with increased anthropogenic influence on T. triunguis foraging in some regions. This study provides new biomolecular insights into the ecological history of T. triunguis, increasing our understanding of its (long-term) dietary plasticity and potential response to anthropogenic pressures.