# Multi‐Channel Neural Interface for Neural Recording and Neuromodulation

## TL;DR

This paper reviews recent advancements in multi-channel neural interfaces that improve brain signal recording and neuromodulation for neurotherapies.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of innovations in multi-channel neural interface technologies and their applications.

## Key findings

- Multi-channel systems offer high spatiotemporal resolution for decoding neural activity across multiple regions.
- Advances in soft, flexible materials improve long-term stability and reduce tissue damage in neural interfaces.
- Emerging data analysis techniques enhance decoding of complex neural signals for brain-machine interface applications.

## Abstract

Neural interfaces have emerged as pivotal platforms for advancing digital neurotherapies by enabling the real‐time acquisition and monitoring of neural signals. Traditional single‐channel systems are inherently limited in their capacity to capture the complex and large‐scale interactions among diverse neuronal populations. In contrast, multi‐channel systems provide the high spatiotemporal resolution necessary to decode the dynamic activity of neural circuits across multiple brain and spinal cord regions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in multi‐channel neural interface technologies, encompassing both penetrating and non‐penetrating systems for high‐resolution electrophysiological recording, as well as multifunctional platforms that integrate additional modalities such as drug delivery, optical stimulation, and chemical sensing. Recent progress in this field has been driven by advances in structural and material design, including the development of soft, flexible architectures and materials for both substrates and electrodes, which improve long‐term stability and minimize tissue damage. In parallel, emerging data analysis techniques have enhanced the capacity to decode complex neural activity patterns from high‐dimensional, multi‐channel recordings. These technological advancements have broadened the potential applications of neural interfaces in brain‐machine interfaces (BMIs), facilitating precise neuromodulation, real‐time monitoring of neurological states, and integration with immersive systems such as virtual and augmented reality.

This review highlights recent advances in multi‐channel neural interface technologies, covering both high‐resolution electrophysiological recording systems and multifunctional platforms with integrated capabilities. It also discusses innovations in structure and materials for reduced invasiveness, state‐of‐the‐art data analysis, including machine learning, and emerging applications in brain‐machine interfaces for neurotherapeutic and assistive use.