# Preparation, immunological and pharmacological effects of flavonoids in Scutellariae radix: a review

## TL;DR

This review explores the properties and effects of flavonoids in Scutellariae radix, a traditional Chinese medicine, and their potential in modern pharmacology.

## Contribution

The paper systematically summarizes recent advances in flavonoid research from Scutellariae radix, including novel formulations and pharmacological effects.

## Key findings

- Flavonoids from Scutellariae radix show immune modulation, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Novel formulations like nanomedicines improve the stability and bioavailability of these flavonoids.
- The review covers metabolism, toxicity, and extraction methods of flavonoids in detail.

## Abstract

In traditional Chinese medicine theory, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi [Lamiaceae; Scutellariae radix] (SR) is bitter and cold in nature. It enters the lung, gallbladder, spleen, large intestine, and small intestine meridians. It clears heat and dries dampness, purges fire and detoxifies, stops bleeding, and stabilizes pregnancy. It excels at clearing lung fire and upper-body heat. Flavonoids, the primary active compound of SR, undergo metabolism in vivo through Phase I and Phase II reactions as well as intestinal flora-mediated processes. Modern pharmacological research indicates that flavonoid compounds exhibit diverse biological activities in immune modulation, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antitumor effects. In recent years, novel formulations such as nanomedicines and liposomes have garnered increasing attention to enhance their stability and bioavailability. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on flavonoid compounds in SR, comprehensively elaborating on their phytochemistry, extraction methods, separation and purification techniques, in vivo metabolism, immunological and pharmacological effects, toxicity, and novel dosage forms. It provides theoretical foundations and practical references for the further research, development, and rational application of these compounds.