Current status of antimicrobial resistance in Indian healthcare system: combating antimicrobial resistance with precision medicine

TL;DR

This paper reviews antimicrobial resistance in Indian healthcare, focusing on outpatient settings and proposing precision medicine as a new approach.

Contribution

The novel contribution is integrating AMR data with precision medicine strategies for community-level antimicrobial resistance in India.

Findings

Outpatient AMR data in India is under-researched compared to hospital-acquired infections.

Precision medicine approaches like pharmacogenomics can be tailored to mitigate AMR in India.

Combining multi-omics with national surveillance offers translational potential for personalized therapy.

Abstract

This review provides a unique perspective by integrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data from Indian healthcare, with a particular emphasis on outpatient settings that are often overlooked in existing literature. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focus on hospital-acquired infections, this article explores the community dimension of AMR and its implications for public health. Furthermore, it introduces an innovative framework linking AMR mitigation strategies with precision medicine approaches, including pharmacogenomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics. By combining multi-omics insights with national surveillance data and stewardship initiatives, this review highlights the translational potential of personalized antimicrobial therapy tailored to the Indian healthcare ecosystem. This integrated perspective offers a novel direction for AMR research and policy, bridging the gap between genomic science and clinical application in resource-limited settings.

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