# Risk Factors, Molecular Mechanisms, and Multimodal Early Warning Strategies for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer

## TL;DR

This paper reviews the risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and early warning strategies for a serious lung condition caused by cancer immunotherapy.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of clinical and molecular insights into immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis in lung cancer.

## Key findings

- CIP is a rare but severe complication with non-specific symptoms and high mortality.
- Current diagnostic challenges include a lack of specific biomarkers and objective tests.
- The paper summarizes recent progress in understanding CIP's risk factors and potential early detection methods.

## Abstract

近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs）作为肿瘤治疗领域的革命性治疗手段，已在多种恶性肿瘤的临床实践中展现出显著疗效。随着临床应用的普及，其相关毒性反应已成为肿瘤免疫治疗领域亟待解决的关键问题。ICIs相关肺炎（ICIs-associated pneumonitis, CIP）特指ICIs治疗引发的肺部免疫相关不良事件（immune-related adverse events, irAEs），其发病机制目前尚未完全阐明。作为ICIs治疗罕见且严重的并发症之一，CIP具有起病隐匿、进展迅猛、预后不良及致死率高等临床特征，其临床表现与影像学征象呈现高度异质性。由于缺乏特异性生物标志物及客观检测指标，CIP的早期识别与诊断面临重大临床挑战。本文通过回顾既往文献及研究，总结了CIP在肺癌免疫治疗患者中的临床表现、危险因素、可能的分子机制、生物标志物及早期预警机制等的研究进展，旨在为CIP临床诊疗提供参考，为建立CIP早期筛查与精准诊疗体系提供理论依据。