# Introduction of the Ribo-BiFC method to plants using a split mVenus approach

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method called Ribo-BiFC to visualize translation in plant cells using fluorescent proteins.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is adapting the Ribo-BiFC method for plants using a low-background split mVenus system.

## Key findings

- Ribo-BiFC successfully detected ribosomal protein interactions in plant cells using fluorescence microscopy.
- The method shows potential for studying translation dynamics in plants under various conditions.
- The system's functionality was confirmed despite lower signal intensity compared to known interactors.

## Abstract

Translation is a fundamental process for every living organism. In plants, the rate of translation is tightly modulated during development and in responses to environmental cues. However, it is challenging to measure the actual translation state of the tissues in vivo.

Here, we report the introduction of an in vivo translation marker based on bimolecular fluorescence complementation, the Ribo-BiFC. We combined a method originally developed for the fruitflies with an improved low background split-mVenus BiFC system previously described in plants. We labelled small subunit ribosomal proteins (RPS) and large subunit ribosomal proteins (RPL) of Arabidopsis thaliana with fragments of the mVenus fluorescent protein (FP). We tested the Ribo-BiFC method using transiently expressed recombinant ribosomal proteins in epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. The BiFC-tagged ribosomal proteins complemented the mVenus molecule and were detected by fluorescence microscopy, potentially visualizing the close proximity of translating assembled 80S ribosomal subunits. Although the resulting signal is less intense than that of known interactors, its detection points to the functionality of the system.

This Ribo-BiFC approach has further potential for use in stable transgenic lines in enabling the visualisation of translational rate in plant tissues and changing translation dynamics during plant development, under abiotic stress or in different genetic backgrounds.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13007-025-01494-2.