# When Pills Get a Pass and Lifestyle Treatments Don't: Misapplication of Phase III Logic to Phase IV Evaluation in Health Care

**Authors:** Benno Krachler, Margareta Norberg, Lars Weinehall, Urban Janlert, Margareta Kristenson

PMC · DOI: 10.1111/jep.70376 · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · 2026-02-10

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** smoking (MESH:D015208), physical (MESH:D059445), cardiovascular disease (MESH:D002318), premature death (MESH:D003643)
- **Chemicals:** blood glucose (MESH:D001786), cholesterol (MESH:D002784), alcohol (MESH:D000438), glucose (MESH:D005947), lipids (MESH:D008055), halsosamtal (-)
- **Species:** Nicotiana tabacum (American tobacco, species) [taxon 4097], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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## References

16 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12887914/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12887914