# Insights into organelle forming RNAs: Diversity, functions and future perspectives

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how certain RNAs directly form cellular structures and organelles, expanding their known roles beyond gene regulation.

## Contribution

The paper introduces the concept of 'organelle formation RNAs' and highlights their structural roles in cellular subunits.

## Key findings

- RNA molecules like TubAR are structural components of the cytoskeleton.
- Paraspeckle-forming, nuclear speckle-forming, and nucleolus-forming RNAs contribute to distinct cellular structures.
- Understanding these RNAs may lead to new therapeutic approaches for related diseases.

## Abstract

RNA molecules play diverse and essential roles in cellular processes beyond their well‐known functions in gene expression and regulation. While ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) have long been recognized as structural components of ribosomes, recent research has highlighted the importance of a distinct group of RNAs which directly compose the structures or organelles in mammalian cells. We refer to these as ‘organelle formation RNAs’. Specifically, the discovery of tubulin‐associated lncRNA (TubAR), the first identified cytoskeleton‐forming RNA, has expanded our understanding of RNA functionality; we now recognize ‘organelle formation RNAs’ not only as regulatory molecules but also as direct structural components within cellular subunits. Other ‘organelle formation RNAs’ include paraspeckle‐forming RNAs, nuclear speckle‐forming RNAs, and nucleolus‐forming RNAs. Various RNAs contribute to the formation of distinct cellular structures, while also participating in intricate intermolecular interactions. Understanding these molecules not only uncovers their fundamental roles in cellular physiology but also suggests potential applications in the treatment of related diseases. By examining the latest advancements and methodologies in organelle formation RNA research, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the intricate mechanisms of these RNAs and future directions in the field.

RNA molecules play crucial roles in the formation and maintenance of cellular structures and organelles. These ‘organelle formation RNAs’ include ribosomal RNAs, paraspeckle‐forming RNAs, nuclear speckle‐forming RNAs, nucleolus‐forming RNAs, and cytoskeleton‐forming RNA. This review explores their structural characteristics, functions, and potential implications for health and disease.