# Met-enkephalin modulates the stress responses of plasma concentrations of corticosterone, delta opioid receptor binding, pro-enkephalin expression, and processing in chickens

## TL;DR

Met-enkephalin reduces stress-related corticosterone levels and opioid receptor activity in chickens, suggesting a new role in stress regulation.

## Contribution

This study is the first to show that peripherally administered Met-enkephalin modulates stress responses in chickens.

## Key findings

- Met-enkephalin decreased basal and stress-induced corticosterone levels in chickens.
- Met-enkephalin reduced pro-enkephalin expression and delta-opioid receptor binding in key brain and gland regions.
- Plasma corticosterone and Met-enkephalin levels showed negative correlations.

## Abstract

Met-enkephalin is a neuropeptide whose release into the circulation is enhanced by stress. There have been no studies on the effects of peripherally administered Met-enkephalin in chickens.

The effects of peripheral administration of Met-enkephalin on the stress response in chickens were investigated measuring plasma concentrations of corticosterone and Met-enkephalin, together with expression of pro-enkephalin (PENK) and delta-opioid binding in the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and adrenal glands.

Administration of Met-enkephalin was followed by decreases in the basal and stressed plasma concentrations of the principal glucocorticoid, corticosterone, in chickens. In addition, the increase in plasma concentrations of corticosterone evoked by restraint stress was markedly decreased when the birds were treated with Met-enkephalin. Administration of Met-enkephalin was followed by decreases in PENK expression; hypothalamic, anterior pituitary, and adrenal delta-opioid binding; and plasma concentrations of total Met-enkephalin (peptides containing Met-enkephalin motifs). There were negative relationships between plasma concentrations of corticosterone and Met-enkephalin and between those of native Met-enkephalin and total Met-enkephalin.

The ability of Met-enkephalin to attenuate the stress response of corticosterone, and probably other glucocorticoids, is novel and opens up several new lines of inquiry, including its site of action and its source.