# Social Isolation and Loneliness in People Living With Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Failure: A Mixed Method Systematic Review

## TL;DR

People with chronic kidney disease and kidney failure often face social isolation and loneliness, which can worsen their health and wellbeing.

## Contribution

This mixed-method systematic review identifies key factors related to social isolation and loneliness in patients with chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.

## Key findings

- Social isolation and loneliness negatively affect health and wellbeing in patients with kidney disease.
- Four common factors emerged: coping, support, psychological outcomes, and impacts on daily life.
- Early interventions and support services are needed to manage social isolation and loneliness in these patients.

## Abstract

People living with chronic kidney disease and kidney failure experience a wide range of challenging burdens, as many try to manage their condition effectively. Social isolation and loneliness are commonly associated with chronic kidney disease and kidney failure, and the restrictions of their disease make establishing social connections difficult. The impact of social isolation and loneliness can negatively affect a person's health and wellbeing in many ways.

To conduct a mixed method systematic review of studies about social isolation and loneliness in people with chronic kidney disease and kidney failure.

Using the PRISMA guidelines, six databases (Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Scopus and Google Scholar) were comprehensively searched using keywords from June 2005 to August 2025. Studies were quality assessed.

Seven studies met the eligibility criteria (two quantitative and five qualitative research design). Four common factors emerged from the review of studies that included: coping, support, psychological outcomes and impacts that affect everyday life and daily routine.

Social isolation and loneliness impact people living with chronic kidney disease and kidney failure in many ways across all areas of their lives. Negative emotions arose that made people question the point of continuing treatment as others experienced elevated levels of anxiety and depression associated with social isolation and loneliness. Support services and early interventions need to be considered to better manage social isolation and loneliness for people living with this chronic health condition.