# Retrieving Transgender and Gender Diverse Literature: Protocol for the Development and Validation of 2 Search Hedges

## TL;DR

This study develops and validates search strategies to find literature about transgender and gender diverse people in academic databases.

## Contribution

The paper introduces two validated search hedges for retrieving transgender and gender diverse literature from MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo.

## Key findings

- The search hedges retrieved over 50,000 references from two major databases.
- A two-stage screening process will assess the sensitivity and precision of the search hedges.
- The study aims for 100% sensitivity and 76% precision in identifying relevant TGD literature.

## Abstract

Searching for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) references within large academic databases can be a challenging process, partly due to the dynamic and diverse definitions of words and terminologies used by multiple interest holders. Search hedges are preestablished search strings that aid in the efficacy of identifying and screening relevant articles. Validated search hedges focused on TGD people and topics will aid in identifying relevant literature.

This study aims to develop and validate the sensitivity and precision of 2 interdisciplinary and cross-cultural TGD search hedges designed for retrieving references from MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo, both on the Ovid platform.

Searches were conducted using the finalized search hedges via Ovid on June 7, 2024, yielding 31,055 references from MEDLINE and 22,924 references from APA PsycInfo. A random sample of 2330 records from MEDLINE and 2293 records from APA PsycInfo will be independently screened by at least 2 team members. At the title and abstract screening stage, references will be excluded if they (1) use solely binary terminology to describe gender, (2) focus on psychometric measurement of gender, or (3) focus on intersex or differences of sex development (DSD) topics. References will be included if they (1) report on transgender or gender diverse people, or both, in their sample; or (2) specifically discuss TGD communities or TGD topics. References without an abstract will be categorized as No_Abstract. References in which the TGD population is unclear will be categorized as LGB_Maybe_T or Mixed_Topics. Only references in the No_Abstract, LGB_Maybe_T, or Mixed_Topics categories will proceed to the full-text screening phase. In the full-text screening phase, references will be categorized as included if they (1) clearly distinguish between sexual identity and gender identity, (2) mention or discuss TGD topics or experiences in the Methods or Results sections, (3) communicate consideration for participants’ gender self-identification and experiences, or (4) consider TGD populations as a distinct subpopulation. The results of the screening process will be used to calculate precision and sensitivity, with a targeted sensitivity of 100% and a targeted precision of 76% for each search hedge.

Validation and data analysis are projected to be finished by December 2025, with results expected to be published in 2026.

Rigorous and transparent knowledge synthesis processes, starting with a high-quality search hedge, can help inform and equip community members, clinicians, policymakers, and other key decision-makers with scientifically sound evidence.

DERR1-10.2196/76055