# Dual Monogenic Cystic Disease Case Report: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Liver Disease

## TL;DR

A 50-year-old woman was diagnosed with two rare genetic diseases affecting her kidneys and liver, highlighting the need for comprehensive genetic testing.

## Contribution

This is the first reported case of dual monogenic drivers for ADPKD and ADPLD in one individual.

## Key findings

- The patient had heterozygous pathogenic variants in PKD1 and PRKCSH genes.
- The case demonstrates the importance of broad genetic testing for accurate diagnosis and family risk assessment.
- Family history of ADPKD did not initially suggest the dual diagnosis.

## Abstract

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD) are inherited cystic conditions with overlapping features but distinct genetic causes and clinical courses. Here, we report a case of a 50‐year‐old woman with a clinical diagnosis of ADPKD, hypertension, preserved kidney function, significant abdominal distention consistent with hepatomegaly, and innumerable kidney and hepatic cysts. Family history was remarkable for ADPKD clinical diagnosis in the patient's mother, maternal grandmother, and the grandmother's siblings. Genetic testing with a 385‐gene NGS‐based kidney disease panel (the Renasight test) identified heterozygous truncating pathogenic variants in PKD1: c.3957_3994dup p.(Asp1332Glyfs*27)) (ClinVar ID VCV003376509.1) and PRKCSH: c.374_375del p.(Glu125fs)) (ClinVarID VCV001048653.34). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of dual monogenic drivers of ADPKD and ADPLD in a single individual. This report highlights the importance of using unbiased genetic testing in cystic disease evaluation, even when family history suggests a single condition, to inform prognosis, reproductive risk, and accurate cascade testing in relatives.

A case with rare dual diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD) with a family history of ADPKD demonstrating the importance of broad renal genetic testing despite clear family history, as it can uncover rare dual monogenic drivers that can have a high degree of overlap.