# Intraoperative real-time display of 3D reconstruction models in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy

## TL;DR

This study shows that using real-time 3D models during robot-assisted kidney surgery improves outcomes by reducing complications and ischemia time.

## Contribution

The study introduces the use of intraoperative real-time 3D reconstruction models in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy and demonstrates their clinical benefits.

## Key findings

- 3D reconstruction models reduced warm ischemia time during surgery.
- The 3D-R group had fewer overall and major complications.
- The 3D-R group achieved a higher trifecta success rate.

## Abstract

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is a widely used technique for treating renal tumors. However, accurate identification of tumor locations and precise surgical planning remain challenging, particularly in cases with complex anatomy or tumors in difficult-to-reach areas. This study evaluated the usefulness of intraoperative real-time 3D reconstruction models for RAPN.

We analyzed the data of 57 patients who underwent RAPN using 3D reconstruction models (3D-R group) and 173 patients who underwent RAPN without these models (control group). The models were generated from the preoperative Computed tomography images and displayed on a monitor in the operating room to plan surgical approaches and guide tumor dissection. Propensity score matching was performed to compare the surgical outcomes between the two groups.

The use of real-time 3D reconstruction models significantly improved surgical outcomes in the propensity score-matched cohort. The ischemia time was shorter in the 3D-R RAPN group than in the control group (p = 0.019). Significantly fewer overall and major complications were observed in the 3D-R RAPN group (p = 0.023 and p = 0.041, respectively). Additionally, the 3D-R RAPN group achieved the trifecta status at a significantly higher rate than the control group (p = 0.005).

3D reconstruction models are valuable tools for guiding RAPN, leading to shorter warm ischemia times, fewer complications, and a higher trifecta achievement rate, thereby enhancing the overall quality of care of patients undergoing RAPN.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00464-025-12505-7.