# Micromachined mmWave 28.0/38.0 GHz MIMO antenna loaded with frequency selective surface for gain enhancement and SAR analysis for future wireless applications

## TL;DR

This paper presents a new MIMO antenna with frequency-selective surface for millimeter-wave applications, suitable for 5G and smart cities.

## Contribution

A novel MIMO antenna with FSS is designed for mmWave bands, offering enhanced gain and performance.

## Key findings

- The MIMO antenna achieves a measured mmWave bandwidth of 26.45-29.27 GHz and 37.04-39.12 GHz.
- The FSS enhances peak gain by 5.16 dBi while maintaining good diversity performance.
- The antenna is suitable for 5G, satellite communication, IoT, and smart cities.

## Abstract

The presented work describes the four-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna designed on Rogers substrate with a thickness of 0.787 mm. The core of the MIMO antenna includes a hexagonal-patch etched by a rectangular slot and an etched hexagonal-ring in full-ground, which are printed on opposite surfaces, generating measured millimeter-wave (mmWave) bandwidth of 26.45 GHz-29.27 GHz and 37.04 GHz-39.12 GHz. The dielectric material is micromachined, and the four-port radiating elements maintain isolation of more than 20.0 dB with an overall size of 17.0 mm × 22.0 mm × 0.787 mm. The novel 11 × 11 hexagonal-ring frequency-selective-surface (FSS) is placed below the MIMO antenna, enhancing the peak-gain by 5.16 dBi with a size of 42.50 mm × 42.50 mm printed on Rogers5880 0.787 mm thickness. The MIMO antenna also features good diversity-performance with ECCmmWave-FSS < 0.18, DGmmWave-FSS > 9.995 dB, TARCmmWave-FSS < −4.76 dB, and CCLmmWave-FSS < 0.30 b/s/Hz. The cumulative features with dual millimeter wave bands, enhanced peak-realized gain, suppressed back-lobe radiations, and good diversity performance make the proposed MIMO antenna loaded with FSS suitable for 5G, satellite-communication, IoT, and smart cities applications. The MIMO antenna loaded with FSS is also subjected for SAR analysis for input power of 50 mW and 500 mW.