# Evaluating the risk factors for bone cement implantation syndrome in hip surgeries - A cross sectional observational study

## TL;DR

This study identifies risk factors for a dangerous complication during hip surgeries, showing that elderly patients and those with certain health conditions are more vulnerable.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into BCIS risk factors specific to an Indian population, emphasizing early monitoring in high-risk groups.

## Key findings

- 20% of patients experienced BCIS, predominantly mild cases.
- Elderly age, ASA grade 3, COPD, hypertension, and long-stem prosthesis were significant risk factors.
- BCIS led to rapid drops in heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels requiring urgent treatment.

## Abstract

Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a serious complication seen in cemented hip surgeries, causing hypoxia, hypotension and
cardiovascular collapse but Indian studies on risk factors are limited. In this prospective study of 50 patients at MGM Medical College
Indore, BCIS occurred in 20% cases (n=10), mostly mild Grade 1 (80%). Elderly patients (mean age 77.7 ± 4.6 years, p=0.001), ASA
grade 3 (p=0.001), COPD (40%, p=0.001), hypertension (70%, p=0.012) and long-stem prosthesis (60%, p=0.006) showed higher risk. BCIS
patients had significant fall in heart rate, BP and oxygen levels within first 30 minutes of cement insertion, needing urgent
vasopressors and steroids. Gender, diabetes and fracture type were not linked to BCIS, highlighting the need for early identification and
close monitoring in high-risk groups.