# A Wearable, Dual Closed‐loop Insulin Delivery System for Precision Diabetes Management

## TL;DR

A new wearable system for diabetes management uses two closed-loop mechanisms to improve insulin delivery safety and accuracy.

## Contribution

The DuoLoop system introduces a dual closed-loop approach combining CGM-controlled insulin delivery and glucose-responsive insulin.

## Key findings

- The DuoLoop system achieved longer normoglycemia durations compared to traditional systems.
- Preliminary in vivo tests showed improved therapeutic accuracy (98.82% vs 92.10%).
- An edge AI algorithm was trained and embedded into wearable CGMs for real-time processing.

## Abstract

Effective blood glucose management is an increasing demand worldwide. Traditional solutions separate glucose detection and insulin delivery, which is less efficient compared to emerging closed‐loop wearable systems controlled by continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). However, CGM‐controlled systems raise new safety risks, as false CGMs readings can cause insulin overdose, which results in hypoglycemia and fatal consequences. This work proposes a concept of a dual closed‐loop insulin delivery system (DuoLoop) to mitigate the risk issue of CGM‐controlled systems. The first closed‐loop is automated insulin delivery controlled by CGM. The second closed‐loop is the controlled release of glucose‐responsive insulin (GRI), whose release rate depends on actual glucose levels. A customized algorithm is trained and embedded into the wearable CGMs for edge computing. The DuoLoop system shows improved safety in preliminary in vivo test (longer normoglycemia durations, 98.82% vs 92.10%), encouraging its deployment toward precision diabetes care.

A wearable dual closed‐loop drug delivery system for diabetes management is presented, featuring an adaptive, on‐body trained edge AI algorithm for precise insulin delivery, which enhances therapeutic accuracy from 92.10% to 98.82%.