# Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells in Lung Diseases: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Strategies, and Future Directions

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how lung diseases are linked to damage in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and explores new ways to treat them.

## Contribution

The paper provides a systematic review of injury mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies targeting pulmonary vascular endothelial cells.

## Key findings

- Pulmonary vascular endothelial cell injury is a key pathological hub in various lung diseases.
- Traditional drugs face challenges like poor targeting and side effects in treating these diseases.
- The paper highlights the need for precise molecular interventions to improve treatment outcomes.

## Abstract

Pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are essential for the normal function of the lung, through maintaining vascular barrier integrity, regulating blood flow, and participating in inflammatory responses to safeguard oxygen exchange and physiological homeostasis. The occurrence and development of various pulmonary diseases all take the injury of pulmonary VECs as an important pathological hub, which directly affects the therapeutic effect and prognosis recovery of patients. The injury mechanisms of pulmonary VECs present multi‐dimensional network characteristics, involving inflammation and oxidative stress, genetic factors, cellular senescence, metabolic abnormalities, and immune dysregulation. Due to the unique physiological structure of the lungs, traditional drugs often encounter significant challenges in clinical application such as insufficient targeting, low bioavailability, and systemic side effects. In order to overcome the existing treatment bottlenecks, it is crucial to implement an in‐depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of pulmonary VECs injury. This review systematically explores the mechanisms of pulmonary VECs injury, evaluates novel therapeutic strategies targeting pulmonary VECs' dysfunction, and discusses the challenges and future prospects of clinical translation. The goal is to shift pulmonary diseases treatment from symptom management to precise molecular intervention.

The pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in lung diseases and their multimodal therapeutic strategies.