# Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy

## TL;DR

This paper discusses how immune therapy can cause lung inflammation and explores the potential of stem cells to treat it.

## Contribution

The paper proposes mesenchymal stem cells as a novel therapeutic approach for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.

## Key findings

- Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause severe lung inflammation called pneumonitis.
- Current treatments for pneumonitis are limited, but mesenchymal stem cells may offer a new solution.
- Further research is needed to confirm the safety and effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.

## Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in clinical oncology owing to their effectiveness against various tumors. However, by enhancing their immune responses, these inhibitors can trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting various organ systems. Notably, pulmonary complications, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICIP), have emerged as one of the leading causes of treatment-related mortality in patients receiving ICIs. Given the limitations of current ICIP treatments, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapeutic strategy owing to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to promote tissue repair. This article reviews recent advances in ICIP and proposes the potential applications of MSC therapy, emphasizing the need for further research into its efficacy and safety to improve ICIP management.