# Gene Therapy for Heart Failure

## TL;DR

This paper reviews gene therapy approaches for heart failure, focusing on calcium regulation and other promising strategies.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of current gene therapy agents and methods for treating heart failure.

## Key findings

- SERCA2a and VEGF-B are key targets in gene therapy for heart failure.
- Clinical trial results have not consistently matched pre-clinical success.
- Therapeutic angiogenesis and regenerative strategies are being explored.

## Abstract

Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization globally, burdening healthcare systems and the economy. Heart failure is a multifactorial cardiac syndrome, where the heart fails to maintain sufficient cardiac output to support body function. As the population ages, heart failure rates will increase. Current treatments, such as medications and surgery, are not suitable for all patients, creating a need for alternative therapies. Gene therapy offers promising new approaches, with therapeutic angiogenesis, regenerative strategies, and calcium ion regulation as key targets. SERCA2a plays a critical role in calcium regulation, and clinical trials have focused on its potential as a therapeutic agent. VEGF-B, which specifically targets the myocardium, also regulates myocardial metabolism and SERCA2a activity. Although clinical trials have been conducted, results have not consistently replicated pre-clinical success. This review summarizes the current state of gene therapy for heart failure, including therapeutic agents, vectors, delivery methods, and preclinical models.