# Case Report: Diagnosis and management of primary ovarian squamous-cell carcinoma: a report of two cases and systematic review of the literature

## TL;DR

This case report and literature review discusses two rare cases of primary ovarian squamous-cell carcinoma and highlights the challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

## Contribution

The paper contributes two new case reports and a systematic review of POSCC, emphasizing treatment approaches and prognosis.

## Key findings

- Most POSCC patients were diagnosed at advanced stages with poor survival outcomes.
- Aggressive multimodal treatment including surgery and chemotherapy is recommended.
- Tumor stage significantly affects prognosis, but survival differences in advanced stages are not significant.

## Abstract

To present two cases of primary ovarian squamous-cell carcinoma (POSCC) and describe a comprehensive review and analysis of the published related literature.

We reviewed the medical records of two patients with POSCC who underwent optimal debulking surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. We also reviewed published case reports and case series describing POSCC, focusing on histogenesis, diagnostic approaches, current therapeutic modalities, and prognosis associated with this condition.

The median age at diagnosis of patients with POSCC was 53.4 years. Few patients were diagnosed at an early stage (stage I, 19.71%), and tumor stage had a significant prognostic effect (p = 0.0081). However, the difference in survival between advanced stages (stage III and stage IV) was small and not statistically significant. Most patients underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy and lymphadenectomy improved survival outcomes in patients with advanced-stage disease.

Primary ovarian squamous-cell carcinoma is a rare and challenging type of ovarian cancer, and its prognosis remains extremely poor. Aggressive multimodal treatment may include surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.