# Conducting Delphi surveys in medical education research

## TL;DR

This paper provides a step-by-step guide for conducting Delphi surveys in medical education research to improve their quality and effectiveness.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a structured five-step planning framework and a checklist for conducting Delphi surveys in medical education.

## Key findings

- A five-step planning process improves the quality of Delphi studies.
- The guide highlights methodological possibilities, limitations, and potential pitfalls.
- Researchers can make informed decisions through strategic planning.

## Abstract

Delphi surveys are becoming increasingly important in medical education research, particularly in the development of curricula, assessment instruments, and recommendations for action. However, due to the flexibility and low standardisation of the method, researchers are faced with the challenge of making numerous methodological decisions before and during a Delphi survey. To ensure a structured and targeted approach, careful planning is essential prior to conducting a Delphi study.

This article describes how to plan Delphi surveys in the following five steps: 1. Suitability and feasibility of the method, 2. Research question and persons involved, 3. Planning of the survey process up to the first round, 4. Evaluation strategies and planning the follow-up rounds, 5. Presentation and dissemination of the results. Each step is structured on the basis of central questions. The most important aspects are summarised in a checklist.

This guide provides researchers with a comprehensive overview of the methodological possibilities and limitations of Delphi surveys, highlighting potential pitfalls. It supports strategic planning and helps researchers to make informed decisions. In the long run, the quality of Delphi studies in medical education research can thus be improved, enabling the method's potential to be realised more effectively.