# HPV detection in first void urine and cervicovaginal samples: comparative study and analysis of associated factors in women from tunja, colombia

## TL;DR

This study compared HPV detection in urine and cervicovaginal samples from women in Colombia and found similar prevalence but limited agreement between the two methods.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into the diagnostic performance of urine-based HPV testing and identifies pregnancy as a key factor associated with cervicovaginal infection.

## Key findings

- HPV prevalence was 29.19% in cervicovaginal samples and 32.91% in urine samples.
- Genotypes 52 and 68 were the most frequent in both sample types.
- Urine testing showed limited agreement with cervicovaginal results (kappa = 0.39).

## Abstract

To compare Human Papillomavirus (HPV) detection in first-void urine (FVU) and cervicovaginal samples and to analyze factors associated with cervicovaginal HPV infection among women in Tunja, Colombia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 161 women aged 20–65 years residing in Tunja, Colombia. Samples and data were collected between September and November 2022 in a clinical laboratory. Cervicovaginal and FVU samples were obtained for HPV genotyping using the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II kit. Concordance, sensitivity, specificity, and associations with sociodemographic and gynecological variables were evaluated. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression.

HPV prevalence was 29.19% in cervicovaginal samples and 32.91% in urine samples. Genotypes 52 and 68 were the most frequent in both sample types. Concordance between tests was weak (kappa = 0.39). Sensitivity and specificity of urine-based detection were 61.70% and 78.94%, respectively. In the multivariable model, only pregnancy history remained independently associated with cervicovaginal HPV infection.

HPV infection prevalence was moderate, with high-risk genotypes detected in both sample types. The history of pregnancy was the only independent factor associated with cervicovaginal HPV infection. HPV detection in urine showed limited diagnostic performance, highlighting the need to optimize urine screening strategies.

•Urine and cervicovaginal samples showed similar human papillomavirus detection.•High risk genotypes were common in urine and cervicovaginal samples.•Urine testing showed limited agreement with cervicovaginal results.•Sexual and reproductive factors were linked to cervicovaginal infection.•Pregnancy history remained associated after multivariable adjustment.

Urine and cervicovaginal samples showed similar human papillomavirus detection.

High risk genotypes were common in urine and cervicovaginal samples.

Urine testing showed limited agreement with cervicovaginal results.

Sexual and reproductive factors were linked to cervicovaginal infection.

Pregnancy history remained associated after multivariable adjustment.